Relationship Between Motivation And Employee Performance

Relationship Between Motivation And Employee Performance Motivation is the psychological process that gives behavior purpose and direction. and management is corned with the effect be and efficient deployment of resources. Human resource is one of the most important in any organization and company and the role of manager is to be a leader and achieve organization objective by developing a partnership with people. Motivation in work is one of the very variables determining employees performance. we can say that motivation it is hard to give any type of permanent definition about motivation but it is a kind of direction in which employees are ambitious and they can take action and make an effort. Motivation is an power that causes people to behave in a positive way motivation collective with ability result in performance. Motivation is the internal power or a type of energy and it pushes toward the performance of the employees. If desire and ambition are absent, motivation absent too because motivation are much do with desire and ambition. M otivation strengthens always give the way, courage energy and persistence to follow the organization goal. A motivate employee take action and does whatever and whenever it need to achieve their goals EXECUTIVE SUMMRY Motivating staff is a fundamentally important dimension of successful management and a vital aspect of a leaders role. Significant organizational outcomes can be obtained by having staff that are motivated. These include: Increased productivity in the workplace Reduced absenteeism and turnover Increased innovation and creativity Increased employee and customer satisfaction An enhanced company profile Higher quality products or services Improved financial performance Employees want interesting work where they are given responsibility, autonomy, challenges and the opportunity to learn. Good working conditions, job security, and pay are important, appreciation should be shown and regular feedback should be given on an employees performance. Managers holding this view of work and their employees would most likely demonstrate trust in their employees, use explanations and joint problem-solving methods, give staff room to interpret and implement organisational objectives for themselves, act as a facilitator, provide opportunities for growth and job enrichment, allow staff to use their creative abilities and remove restrictions to doing a good job. The job of a manager in the workplace is to get things done through others. A committed and motivated workforce is critical to maximising an organisations full potential. Highly motivated employees frequently seek to work beyond the bounds of their specific work roles and functions in order to not only impro ve themselves, but also to achieve the objectives of the organisation. Motivated employees can be considered vital to organisational survival in our rapidly changing workplaces and work world they help organisations survive because they are more productive At the end we can say that the performance of an organization is dependent on its employees. After all, your employees are the engine of your organization. MOTIVATION THEORIES FOR EMPLOYEES First it is important to understand that what motivate employees and how they were motivated. According to Maslow a employees have five level of need and they are physiological, safety, social, ego, and self actualizing and he argued that lower level need had to be satisfied before the next higher level need would motivate employees. It is important for the organization that they value there employees try to understand there problem and always offer some opportunities for growth and development in short make them part of the organization. To motivate employees are a great important in a organization and it can be done by:- keep to be at work Take pride in there work Work attitude Does not display in their work Customer orientation Display a high level of commitment ROLE OF MOTIVATION IN EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE Motivated employees are the need of any organization for our changing work place. Motivated employees are more productive so they always help organization to survive in every field. For a effective managers it must to understand what type of motivates employees within the context the perform in role. Motivating employees is most complex for example research suggested that as employees income increase money become less of a motivate also as employees get older exciting work become more of a motivator. PURPOSE OF MOTIVATING EMPLOYEES:- There are some factors which play a important role to motivate employees. Such as employment Security Sympathetic help with individual problem Personal loyalty to employees interesting work Give good working situation Good quality Wages Promotions and growth in the organization. Most of the organization believes to motivate their employees because it influence the employees performance by following way:- 1. Higher Productivity Levels 2. Lower Labour Turnover 3. Lower Absenteeism 4. Improve Quality with lees waster 5. Greater Willingness to accept rather than resist change 6. Greater Willingness to contribute idea and take on responsibility 7. Employees Loyalty 8. Employees Turnover MOTIVATION AND EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE:- It is seen that a employees performance has an impact on the organizations objective. And it is thus imperative that every employees performance should be managed. This process of performance management includes group assessments and peer reviews. In recent time performance management system have become more essential because managers are under constant pressure to get better progress and performance of their organization by motivate their employee. Despite the motivation performs it is necessary to briefly highlight the barriers that might affect the performance of employee. These barriers may be the result understand competencies, inappropriate performance goals, or lack of feedback about performance. There are some factor which is affective overall employees performance .1.INTERNAL FACTOR:- Those factor which is control and influence by any organization are called internal factor like job description and selection. 2.EXTERNAL FACTOR:-In external factors a organization has little control or no control such as demand for job or grading systems. Corporate Examples of motivation and employees performance:- Geo television use the following tools to motivate its employees and this tools affected the employees performance and it is seen that employees performance become better after this. These tools are such as. Performance base incentives Geo television gives incentives to its employees on its performance. Annual evaluation of the employee performance discussed with the employee. There is and idea box in the reception room available to employees and even visitors. All ideas are implemented and the generator of the idea is rewarded with a prize. The CEO of the company is heading this company himself Annual employees function Success story of the month in each department is mentioned for employees who have gone that extra mile in achieving their objectives. Their stories are discussed; the committee reviews them and selects the best one. The winner of the best success story is rewarded with a dinner for the two prizes. All the employees work in a Comfortable environment because they are free to do their work ,environment is very friendly TOYOTA Motivational Policy of Toyota Company based on Maslows need Hierarchy Herzbergs job Enrichment Theory. Toyota company always try to motivate their employees because they believe that employees are a vital part of the company. A business not be success without the employees good performance .Firstly Toyota always try to understand employees motivation, it is seen that the individual performance has an impact on any organization so it is important that every employees performance should be managed According to Maslows theory: Job Security Good Pay Safe working conditions Satisfy lower level needs Culture of continuous improvement Support growth toward self Actualization The Toyota Company achieve the following approaches on the basis of Herzbergs job Enrichment Theory and by motivate their employees Visual Management HR Policies Addresses Hygiene Factor Continuous Improvement Job Rotation Build Feedback in support motivator Toyota aims to increase its employees motivation and optimize the value of its human resources. The recognize some seminar to motivate their employees Company always try to give their employees a good training Give the year awards Give a new model of Toyota car Toyota always take the attention of employees every day and end of the year they give some gift and his types of motivation always increase the employees work performance Toyota company say that every employee who work under Toyota they are the family part of Toyota Toyota company also arrange health and security for employees.

Graduation Speech: You ALL Have What it Takes :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

The past three years I sat over on my left, drenched in this scorching gym, playing Pomp and Circumstance on my tenor saxophone until I thought my lungs were going to explode. Well, we had to stay and watch the rest of the graduation, during which I would usually space out, and sometimes think to myself "It is taking so long to get up on that stage." Lots of us felt this way even last week, bombarded with the last group of projects and assignments that seem to cram themselves into an astonishingly small amount of time. Finally, the Class of 2012 is about to enter what some fool once called the real world. Shockingly enough, classmates, from what I've heard, the real world looks almost the same as the one here. There are things to like and dislike, freedoms and restrictions you might grumble over, and people of integrity and deceit. But we will not be surrounded by three-foot slabs of brick everyday. And if upon leaving you find people trying to make houses out of mud and sticks, it is not a Western Civ movie. You are probably staring at very poor people, so help them out. Before going any further, I strongly advise all my classmates to thank their families tonight. This is our class's last night together, but quite soon it will be our last night as a member of our parent's permanent households. I am going to take my opportunity right here. Mom and Dad, Tom and Jess, thanks for all the encouragement, support, and most important love and affection you have shown me every day. Without you, I am quite sure I would not be standing here and quite possibly might not have graduated tonight. Because of my great family, I have successfully overcome all sorts of downturns in eighteen short years. I figured I would not shy away from saying this in front of a crowd if I wrote it down in my speech, so, to my family—I love you. To succeed in this "real world," we all need to develop our own unique niche. I say this, but I realize it must be done in actions, not words. I confess I have no idea what mine will be. I have not even figured out what general area of interest I wish to explore. This indecision, which I am not alone in experiencing, is made all the more complicated by the era we are entering. Graduation Speech: You ALL Have What it Takes :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address The past three years I sat over on my left, drenched in this scorching gym, playing Pomp and Circumstance on my tenor saxophone until I thought my lungs were going to explode. Well, we had to stay and watch the rest of the graduation, during which I would usually space out, and sometimes think to myself "It is taking so long to get up on that stage." Lots of us felt this way even last week, bombarded with the last group of projects and assignments that seem to cram themselves into an astonishingly small amount of time. Finally, the Class of 2012 is about to enter what some fool once called the real world. Shockingly enough, classmates, from what I've heard, the real world looks almost the same as the one here. There are things to like and dislike, freedoms and restrictions you might grumble over, and people of integrity and deceit. But we will not be surrounded by three-foot slabs of brick everyday. And if upon leaving you find people trying to make houses out of mud and sticks, it is not a Western Civ movie. You are probably staring at very poor people, so help them out. Before going any further, I strongly advise all my classmates to thank their families tonight. This is our class's last night together, but quite soon it will be our last night as a member of our parent's permanent households. I am going to take my opportunity right here. Mom and Dad, Tom and Jess, thanks for all the encouragement, support, and most important love and affection you have shown me every day. Without you, I am quite sure I would not be standing here and quite possibly might not have graduated tonight. Because of my great family, I have successfully overcome all sorts of downturns in eighteen short years. I figured I would not shy away from saying this in front of a crowd if I wrote it down in my speech, so, to my family—I love you. To succeed in this "real world," we all need to develop our own unique niche. I say this, but I realize it must be done in actions, not words. I confess I have no idea what mine will be. I have not even figured out what general area of interest I wish to explore. This indecision, which I am not alone in experiencing, is made all the more complicated by the era we are entering.

OxyContin New Entry in the Drug War Essay -- Essays Papers

OxyContin New Entry in the Drug War When concerned with the ethics of development in a global environment, the issue of drug abuse is of particular importance. All of the different aspects of the drug trade impact a nation, and specifically the development of a nation within a global environment. Within the United States, drug abuse has been prevalent among specific populations in society for almost a half of a century now. Historically speaking, drug abuse has erupted in many directions; new drugs have offered new markets, new trends have developed new habits. These patterns have become societal concerns on many levels. The creation of new drugs has added another dimension to prescriptive drug abuse. Though science is making enormous advancements in the field of disease treatment, the discoveries are at the same time adding additional routes to becoming drug addicts on the prescription front. In addition, although illicit drug use by teens has been incrementally decreasing since 2001, it still affects a large enough population to interfere with the ever developing nation of the United States. As drug abuse continues to be initiated in adolescence, the chances of it manifesting itself in adult society remain high. Efforts to contain both prescriptive and illicit drug abuse have both failed and succeeded, on different wavelengths. One of the first drug abuse prevention programs, D.A.R.E., has recently been classified as ineffective. More institutionalized, nationally funded efforts of the United States government have begun to target foreign hierarchical drug pyramids in an effort to halt drug use within America. This paper will examine these issues surrounding prescriptive and illicit drug abuse, with the former ... ...ycodone HCl Controlled-Release)Tablets Information. 9 Mar. 2004. http://www.purduepharma.com/pressroom/app/news_announc/ss_pr.asp?NType=3 NIDA. Cocaine Effects. 9 Mar. 2004. http://www.cocaine-effects.com/. NIDA. Message from the Director: Increased Abuse for Prescription Drugs is Cause for Concern. 9 Mar. 2004. http://www.drugabuse.gov/about/welcome/message304.html. ONDCP Drug Facts, â€Å"Crack†. 9 Mar. 2004. http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/drugfact/crack/index.html ONDCP Drug Facts, â€Å"OxyContin†. 9 Mar. 2004. http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/drugfact/OxyContin/index.html U.S. FDA. Prescription Drug Use and Abuse. 3 Mar. 2004. http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2001/501_drug.html U.S. FDA. Prescription Drug Use and Abuse-Controlled Substances. 9 Mar. 2004. http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2001/501_drug.html#controlled

Literature Review Format Essay

Literature Review This packet details the steps necessary to produce a literature review that may be required for work in various disciplines, including English, history and psychology. This packet is not intended to replace instructor guidelines and should not be used in that manner. The packet’s intended use is as a supplement to classroom instruction on assembling a literature review. Therefore, it contains only general information that must be tailored to fit specific guidelines as required by your discipline and by your instructor. This packet is subdivided into six sections: I. General Information States what a literature review is and what purpose it serves. II. Process Gives step-by-step instructions on how to get started on your literature review. III. Organization Explains the two most common ways of arranging information in a literature review. IV. Format Provides descriptions for two of the most common formats used in a literature review, the item to item comparison and contrast (Format A) and the criteria to criteria comparison and contrast (Format B). V. Checklist Allows appraisal of your completed literature review to assure that it follows all necessary guidelines. VI. Resources Lists helpful resources used to compile this packet so that you may obtain further information. General Information Definition Literature reviews can have two roles: In their first role, they function as a stand-alone paper. At other times they will actually be part of a larger research thesis. In this handout, literature reviews will be referred to in the stand-alone sense. As a stand-alone paper, literature reviews are multi-layered and are more formal and detailed than book reviews. As the author of a literature review, you must become familiar with a large amount of research on a specific topic. You will then develop your own thesis about the topic related to this research. After this, you will classify and critically analyze research on the topic by making a comparison between several different studies and by emphasizing how these studies and their comparison relate to your own thesis. In effect, a literature review is a paper that compiles, outlines and evaluates previously established research and relates it to your own thesis. It provides a context for readers as if they  Email at tutor@uhv. edu University West, room 129 (361) 570-4288 were researching the topic on their own. Just from reading your paper, readers should be able to gain insight into the amount and quality of research on the topic. Your thesis and the literature reviewed serve several important functions within the paper: †¢ Your thesis creates a foundation for the literature review because it helps narrow the topic by providing a sense of direction; however, you will have to conduct some initial research and reading before deciding on an appropriate thesis. Your personal thesis may be a statement addressing some of the following situations: â€Å"why your research needs to be carried out, how you came to choose certain methodologies or theories to work with, how your work adds to the research already carried out† (Brightwell, G. and Shaw, J. , 1997-98), or it may present some other logical perspective. †¢ Reviewed literature is organized in a logical manner that best suits the topic of the review and the hypothesis of the literature (see Organization and Format). The selected method of organization and style of format should draw attention to similarities and differences among the reviewed literature; these similarities and differences are based on specific criteria you revealed in the literature review’s introduction. According to Brightwell and Shaw (1997-98), your goal in the body of the review â€Å". . . should be to evaluate and show relationships between the work already done (Is Researcher Y’s theory more convincing than Researcher X’s? Did Researcher X build on the work of Researcher Y?) and between this work and your own [thesis]. † Additional information on these topics can be found in the Organization and Format sections of this packet. Therefore, carefully planned organization is an essential part of any literature review. Purpose Although literature reviews may vary according to discipline, their overall goal is similar. A literature review serves as a compilation of the most significant sources on a subject and relates the findings of each of these sources in a rational manner while supporting the literature review author’s own thesis. A literature review establishes which sources are most relevant to its author’s point and which sources are most credible to the discipline at hand. In a literature review, the results of previous research are summarized, organized and evaluated. Discipline-Specificity A literature review’s organization, format, level of detail and citation style may vary according to discipline because different disciplines have different audiences. Examples here pertain to the natural sciences, social sciences and humanities. †¢ Natural and social sciences The author of a literature review in the natural or social sciences must pay close attention to measurements, study populations and technical aspects of experimental findings. Typically, a portion of the natural or social sciences literature review is set aside for reviewing sources on the primary topic. Then, a comparative analysis or discussion section is used to analyze the similarities and differences among the sources, tying them in with the literature review author’s original thesis. †¢ Humanities The author of a literature review in the humanities usually does not set aside a special section for reviewing the sources; instead, citations may be found randomly throughout the paper. The literature being reviewed is arranged according to paragraphs based on the author’s points, which in turn, support the author’s thesis. The paper itself may not be called a literature review at all. It is more likely to be called a critical analysis. Remember that the best bet for determining what type of literature review is appropriate for your course is checking with the instructor prior to beginning research. Email at tutor@uhv. edu University West, room 129 (361) 570-4288 REVIEW 1. What is the purpose of a literature review? What is the connection between the author’s thesis and the literature being reviewed? 2. What discipline will your literature review be classified in? Process 1. Find several articles that deal with your research topic. Sometimes it is helpful to review the bibliography of one of the first scholarly sources that you encounter and compare it to the bibliographies of other sources on the topic. If the same source is listed within several of these bibliographies, it is probably a fundamental, credible source that will aid you in your review. 2. Before you begin reviewing literature, realize that you are looking to accomplish two things: A. Defining your research problem/thesis (examples: finding a flaw in research, continuing previous research, etc . . . B. Reading and evaluating significant works that are relevant to your research problem. You will be conducting Steps A and B simultaneously because the two form a circular pattern. As you read related sources (Step B), you define your problem, and as you define your problem (Step A) you will more easily be able to decide what material is relevant enough to be worthy of reading (Step B). 3. Once you begin reviewing, make an entry with complete bibliographical information and comments for each work that you are going to include in the review. 4. Compare the articles by evaluating the similarities and differences among them. This will be the initial stage in the formulation of your thesis. 5. Form a thesis that is clearly written and can be logically supported by the literature you will include in your review. 6. View the articles briefly again and jot down any notes that seem to relate to your thesis. 7. Decide which organizational pattern and format are best for the topic of your review. 8. Construct an appropriate outline for the literature review. 9. Write an introduction that introduces the topic, reveals your thesis statement, and arranges key issues. 10. Organize and write the body of your paper according to the appropriate format: topical or chronological. 11. Write a conclusion that reconciles similarities and differences on the topic and reemphasizes the criteria used to arrive at this conclusion. 12. Complete the final draft of the literature review. Email at tutor@uhv. edu University West, room 129 (361) 570-4288 13. Check over the final draft for grammar and punctuation errors. 14. Use the checklist provided here to make sure that all parts of the literature review are addressed and focused. Establishing a Critical Response for a Literature Review You may find this section helpful at Steps 3, 4 and 5 of the process. When reviewing your sources, explore the following areas to help develop your critical response: What is the purpose of the research or work? What research or literary methods are used? How do the major concepts operate? In a research study, how accurate are the measurements? In a literary work, is the author’s position objective or biased? What are the different interpretations of the results of the study or of the literary work itself? REVIEW 1. What do you consider to be the most crucial step(s) in the process of your literature review? Why? Justify your response(s). Organization A literature review can be arranged either topically or chronologically. Topical organization occurs in reviews where previous research being evaluated is divided into segments with each one representing a part of some larger issue. In a topical review, the author begins by describing the characteristics of research shared by several studies and then moves on to analyze their similarities and differences. For more information, see the example below. Example The organization of a literature review begins in the introduction. For example, in the introduction of a literature review about the effect of seating arrangements on peer tutoring communication, you would first introduce the topic and what your literature review will attempt to assess: †¦Writing centers can set the table for collaborative tutoring sessions through a careful consideration of spatial arrangement . . . Then state what angle is going to be explored: †¦These studies will be used to support the author’s claims that spatial arrangement is instrumental in encouraging collaborative environments in the writing center†¦ Then, arrange key issues that will be addressed in this review by answering questions that you have personally developed and are tailored to fit your topic. In the introduction, give the audience a clear picture of how you will organize your paper: Email at tutor@uhv. edu University West, room 129 (361) 570-4288 In the following, I1 first review some relevant research concerning spatial arrangement and then discuss some recommended and alternate seating arrangements to encourage a collaborative environment in the writing center. Finally, I include some other considerations. In the body of this literature review, you would organize the information topically around each point (or question) that you asked yourself: -Research Review -Recommended Spatial Arrangement -Alternative Spatial Arrangement -Other Considerations. Then, write a conclusion that explains the significance of your findings: †¦While the seating arrangements outlined above are generally a good ‘setting’ for peer tutoring sessions, we should remember that each tutoring session is unique. Not all students will be comfortable with a side-by-side spatial arrangement at a round table. Tutors should be perceptive of and receptive to students who may have other spatial needs†¦ Chronological organization occurs when a review is organized in time order and is most often used when a historical context is needed for discussing a topic from its beginning to its current state; chronological organization is  especially helpful when discussing inactive periods and shifts in perspective on a given topic. Example The organization of a literature review begins in the introduction. For example, in the introduction of a literature review entitled Development of Social Science Research on Attitudes Towards Gender in America, you would first introduce the topic and what your review hopes to assess: †¦This literature review will assess the development of research designed to uncover gender attitudes in America during the latter part of the 20th Century†¦ Then state what angle is going to be explored: .. As research progressed throughout the 20th century, the methods that social scientists use for measuring these attitudes developed and changed as well†¦ Then, chronologically arrange issues that will be addressed in this review: Gender stereotypes still exist today, and varying attitudes can be traced over the past fifty years. Survey instruments used to gather data on these varying attitudes have also changed drastically over the course of time. In the body of this literature review, you would organize the information chronologically, adressing each point (or question) that is being asked for a particular time period: -Stereotypes and Survey Instruments of the 1950’s -Stereotypes and Survey Instruments of the 1960’s -Stereotypes and Survey Instruments of the 1970’s -Stereotypes and Survey Instruments of the 1980’s -Stereotypes and Survey Instruments of the 1990’s -Current Advancements Always clear the use of I with your instructor. An alternative to this would be the use of third person wording, such as â€Å"This paper reviews some relevant research concerning spatial arrangement and then discusses some recommended and alternate seating arrangements to encourage a collaborative environment in the writing center. † 1 Email at tutor@uhv. edu University West, room 129 (361) 570-4288 Then, write a conclusion that explains the significance of your findings: Although the survey instruments used in the 1950’s and 1960’s developed an obvious bias when surveying Americans regarding gender attitudes, the 1970’s brought about great change. Today social scientists are more careful than ever about testing the quality of a survey instrument before using it on the general public. Format There are also two suggested formats for composing your literature review. Format A is used when comparing several studies that have similar hypothesis but different findings. Each piece of research is summarized individually. Format A is good for reviews with a small number of entries; however, this format may confuse the audience when used with a large number of reviews because descriptions of so many studies may get in the way of the analysis. Keep in mind that each piece of research usually will not receive equal attention in the review. Format A Outline I. Introduction consists of four parts that are usually discussed in one paragraph. a. Identify the general topic being discussed. b. Mention trends published about the topic. c. State thesis establishing the reason for writing the literature review. d. Explain criteria by giving a description of each of the criteria used in evaluating the literature review and rationalizing its organization II. Literature reviewed section is divided up according to study. a. First study is summarized and discussed. b. Second study is summarized and discussed. c. Third study is summarized and discussed. III. Comparative analysis acknowledges the similarities and differences between studies. a. Similarities (if any) among the studies are evaluated and discussed. b. Differences (if any) among the studies are evaluated and discussed. IV. Conclusion/Summary effectively wraps up the review. a. Summarize points of comparison or contrast among the works based on Section III of your review. b. Provide insight of relationship between the topic of the review and a larger area of study such as a specific discipline or profession Format B  organizes the literature review according to similarities and differences among research rather than by literature studied. In a review organized according to Format B, little background information on the literature being reviewed is given outright. Instead, it is worked into the body paragraphs of the sections on similarities and differences. The conclusion then uses these two sections (similarities and differences) to tie in points of comparison and contrast between the works. Format B better suits papers that are topically organized. Format B is outlined below. Email at tutor@uhv. edu University West, room 129 (361) 570-4288 Format B Outline I. Introduction consists of four parts usually discussed in one paragraph. a. Identify the general topic being discussed. b. Mention trends published about the topic. c. State thesis establishing the reason for writing the literature review. d. Explain criteria by giving a description of each of the criteria used in evaluating the literature review and rationalizing its organization II. Similiarities within the research are discussed. a.  First similarity among research is discussed. b. Second similarity among research is discussed. c. Third similiarity among research is discussed. III. Differences in the research are discussed. a. First difference between research is discussed b. Second difference between research is discussed c. Third difference between research is discussed IV. Conclusion/Summary a. Summarize points of comparison or contrast between the works. b. Provide insight into relationship between the topic of the literature and a larger area of study such as a specific discipline or profession. The most important thing to remember when organizing a literature review is that it is not a list summarizing one work after another. The review should be organized into sections according to theme that are set apart by subject-related headings. REVIEW 1. Which format have you chosen for your literature review? Why? A Literature Review Checklist: Did I . . . . . . ? ? Establish a valid thesis based on the examined research ? State this thesis clearly in my introduction ? Define unfamiliar terms ? Incorporate background information to define the problem ? Begin each entry in the review with a complete bibliographical reference ? List and describe the hypothesis/thesis in each work reviewed Email at tutor@uhv. edu University West, room 129 (361) 570-4288 ? Describe the outcome of the work or the research ? Develop and incorporate my own comments, including response to the research, similarities and differences among literature reviewed, and reservations regarding author’s methods or conclusions ? Avoid overquoting ? Check for grammar and punctuation errors ? Correctly cite all references in uniform documentation style Resources Brightwell, G.  and Shaw, J. (1997-98). Writing up research. Retrieved August 20, 2002 from Languages and Educational Development at the Asian Institute of Technology’s Web page at http://www. languages. ait. ac. th/EL21OPEN. HTM Central Queensland University Library. (2000). The literature review. Retrieved July 22, 2003 from http://www. library. cqu. edu. au/litreviewpages/ Cuba, L. (2002). A short guide to writing about social science. New York: Addison-Wesley Publishers. Leibensperger, S. (2003). Setting the table: Encouraging collaborative environments with spatial arrangement in the writing center. Unpublished literature review. Northern Arizona University. (1999). Electronic textbook – A blast from the past: Your literature review. Retrieved May 30, 2002 from http://jan. ucc. nau. edu/~mid/edr720/class/literature/blast/reading21-1. html Taylor, D. , & Procter, M. (2001). The literature review: A few tips on conducting it. Retrieved June 17, 2002 from http://www. utoronto. ca/writing/litrev. html Trinder, L. (2002). Appendix. The literature review. Retrieved August 27, 2003 http://www. uea. ac. uk/~w071/teaching/ppf/Appendix%20Lit%20Review. pdf The University of Wisconsin-Madison Writing Center. (2001). Academic writing: Reviews of literature. Retrieved May 30, 2002 from http://www. wisc. edu/writing/Handbook/ReviewofLiterature. html *In traditional APA style, this section would be entitled â€Å"References† and would be listed on a separate page double-spaced. Due to space constraints in this packet, it has been formatted differently. Copyright 2003 by the Academic Center and the University of Houston-Victoria. Created 2003 by Candice Chovanec-Melzow. Email at tutor@uhv. edu University West, room 129 (361) 570-4288.

If i were the prime minister of India Essay

The Prime Minister of India, aha! The highest executive of the largest democracy of the world, what a promising position, what a status, and Oh! What laurels. However I see this position as it were with a pinch of salt as, it is more a thorny crown on the head of the person who wears it. Dealing with the daily affairs of the country, is not easy, so, this positions, this status, this name are not without the demerits. If I was to be the Prime Minister of India, the first and most difficult thing I would deal with would be the building of the character of the people of the nation. I feel that, all the drawbacks and failures of the country and its people are, mainly due to the lack of character of its people, its Executives, its politicians and all others. Now developing characters is not something that can be done in a day or something that can be imposed on a generation. There is no magic cure for this malady which is inherent in the Indian scene. Since I know that neither can character be infused overnight, nor can it be eliminated from the scene, I would ensure that all bad characters no matter that, are booked for their wrong doings, punished as per the laws of the land. I really believe that even if just a few wrong doers are punished strictly, instead of being shielded by their patrons, then others will not indulge in similar malpractices. I earnestly feel that punishment is the only approach to this Herculean problem of character. If few, yes, just a few are punished all others will be frightened of the consequences of wrong doing. This exercise of punishments I would start from the highest rungs of the ladder and then come downwards, though the lower rungs would get cleaned by themselves if the cleaning be done at the top. The next area of influence I would try to work upon would be the education of the masses. Our education as I understand it had been framed by the British rulers. They had the objective of creating bab es for their Government administration who would slave for them. It is this heritage of creating babus that we have continued for the last so many decades, and made a real mess of our education. The area of higher education has been pampered but the sphere of primary education which lays the foundation of the country ‘s literacy has been neglected totally. I would lay greater stress on primary education and make higher education a choice for the children and that also only according to their choice and merit. I would not allow any admissions in institutes of higher education on the basis of just donations.  My heart feels so very hurt when I see all around me the influence of westernisation in our country. It appears that we have just nothing of our own and we are learning and have learnt everything from the West. A culture as rich as India ‘s having to borrow everything from the west depicts the slave mentality of us Indians and I feel very sad when I see it all around me. My next priority as the Prime Minister would be the Indianisation of the Indians. I do wonder where our culture has disappeared, where our life style and our heritage are. How could we throw such riches of a great culture to the winds? I would infuse the teaching of Indian culture in every school and college. T his would not mean that we stop learning from the west no, not at all. We would continue borrowing all knowhow from the west but, only in spheres in which we have to, not just because it is western but because it is necessary for our growth. Besides all this, I would ensure that social changes are brought about evenly throughout the country, keeping in mind beautiful blend of our culture and the western ethos. For social changes I would mobilise and encourage non Government agencies because I feel that social changes can be brought about smoothly only by social welfare organisation and not laws of the Government. With all these priorities I would also try to ensure infusion of patriotism in the younger generation. Sometimes I really wonder at the whereabouts of our patriots of the early decades of this very Century, where are they, and have we stopped producing the like now? With this much achieved or at least the trend set, I would be happy and a person absolutely satisfied with my achievements. With so much to be done within the country, I would try also to produce good neighbourly relations with all the neighbours of India, as; I believe a good neighbour is an asset to an individual and even country. I would send peace delegations to all the neighbours and invite them on peace missions to India. I do think that such activities would yield satisfactory results and we would have friends all around.

Upper Tier Rights

There are many cases in the history of constitutional law that involve the wording of the United States Constitution. One case that deals with many parts of the constitution is Miranda v Arizona. This was a case that the Supreme Court voted on in 1966. This is a case of upper tier rights, because it deals with the constitutional rights. It mostly deals with the fourteenth amendment which is a right to due process and the sixth amendment which is a right to counsel.A suspect, Ernesto Miranda, was arrested on mostly circumstantial evidence for the kidnapping and rape of an 18 year old female. During the interrogation by the police Miranda confessed to the kidnapping and rape of the female. He also signed a paper that said he was giving a voluntary statement to the police and that the police were not forcing him to confess to the crimes which he may or may not have committed. To most this sounds like the police did an alright job they got a confession out of him and there was no signs o f abuse by the police.So many would say what is the problem? Why is this even considered a constitutional law case? How did Miranda v. Arizona turn into a landmark United States Supreme Court case? When this case went to trial Miranda’s court appointed attorney found out that the police never informed Miranda of his Constitutional right to counsel. So in fact by not informing Miranda that he had the right to counsel the police violated his Fourteenth Amendment which is the right to due process and his sixth amendment which is a right to counsel.If he would have had counsel present in the room he may never have signed that form confessing to the kidnapping and rape of that 18 year old woman. Miranda’s court appointed attorney at trial objected to the confession saying that his clients fifth, sixth, and fourteenth amendment rights were violated. The trial judge overruled the objection mainly because the defendant never formally asked to have an attorney present or to see or speak with his attorney. So Miranda was convicted of the crime and sent to up to 30 years in prison.Miranda’s attorney the appealed the decision all the way up to the Arizona supreme court. The Arizona Supreme Court ruled that they also believed that his rights were not violated because he never asked for an attorney. The Next step Miranda’s Attorney took was that he asked the United States Supreme Court to hear the case and they did. Then on June 13th, 1966 then United States Supreme Court ruled that Ernesto Miranda’s Constitutional rights had been violated by the police. The vote was close it was a 5-4 vote.Chief Justice Earl Warren along with Justices, Black, Douglass, Brennan, and Fortas thought that Miranda’s rights were violated and Justices Clark, Harlan, Stewart, and White thought that the police had acted in the correct manor. This was one of the most historical cases in United States Supreme court history. This basically told police that if you did not inform the individual that he has a right to counsel you can not use any confession or information gathered from that. This is considered an upper tier rights case because it not only deals with one amendment but it actually deals with two others.The fifth, sixth and fourteenth amendments all come into play with this case. Police no Mirandize all suspects before talking to them and almost all law enforcement personal actually do it as they are arresting the suspect just to make sure. A suspect has the right to waive Miranda but then can not use it in the court case later on. In conclusion Miranda v Arizona became a land mark case in United States law history because it one had many constitutional rights broken in it that were corrected by the United States Supreme Court.It also actually helped the law enforcement agencies do their job better. It helped prevent other suspects from having their rights broken like Ernesto Miranda had his. Like stated earlier this is a prime example of upper tier rights because it not only deals with one constitutional right but three and they are three of the most important amendments, the fifth, sixth, and fourteenth amendments.Sources Miranda v. Arizona, U. S. Supreme Court Case Summary & Oral Argument. (n. d. ). The Oyez Project | U. S. Supreme Court Oral Argument Recordings, Case Abstracts and More. Retrieved December 10, 2010, from http://www. oyez. org/cases/1960-1969/1965/1965_759 Miranda v. Arizona. (n. d. ). LII | Legal Information Institute at Cornell Law School. Retrieved December 10, 2010, from http://www. law. cornell. edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0384_0436_ZS. html The Supreme Court . Expanding Civil Rights . Landmark Cases . Miranda v. Arizona (1966) | PBS. (n. d. ). PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved December 10, 2010, from http://www. pbs. org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/landmark_miranda. html

Venture Screening Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Venture Screening - Assignment Example It also requires the skills and ingenuity to search and manage resources, which are often owned by other people. In any way, entrepreneurship requires considerable thought, planning and preparation. To certain extent, the modern world with its highly dynamic and changing character of technology, markets and competition among them, plays into the hands to entrepreneurship. Thus far, there is a great exertion in trying to model and see the future, as while business plan of a certain venture is designed, it can simply become obsolete (Timmons, 1999). When an entrepreneur discovers the potential of a new venture, one should reply the question if the new venture idea is able to make money. A feasibility study will help to answer such question and to assist in changing one’s new venture idea into a successful business. Such feasibility study is a certain comprehensive plan, which consists of a systematic gathering, recording and analysis of information concerning the potential succe ss of a new venture idea. In other words, it is a process screening that is used to find out business opportunities. Business plan will be worked out on its basis. Such feasibility study includes the preliminary assessment, new venture concept, market assessment, analysis of cost- profit and plans for the future actions (Bates, 2003). A feasibility study of screening is aimed to help one to screen out the ideas that have limited opportunity and allow the entrepreneur to invest one’s time, money and efforts into ideas with a potential for success.   The phase of preliminary assessment evolves evaluation and choosing of the idea of new venture and potentially generates the desired level of outcome in the desired time period. During this period personal and professional considerations are assessed in order to evaluate the needs of one entrepreneur and financial feasibility of the business idea. Here the entrepreneur figures out whether he or she wants to start a